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Update: February 26th 2007

	Scientific report of the LGP2 (2002-2005)
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Researchers of the LGP2 (EFPG, INPG, CNRS, CTP) (November 2006)

	Documents taken from the "Scientific Report of the Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Graphic Arts - UMR 5518 Grenoble - France Janvier 2002-Novembre 2005" recherche@efpg.inpg.fr

III - Paper physics

III - 1 - Introduction

The objective of the Paper Physics group is to develop means to characterise and control the physical properties of fibre pulps, paper and board. Needs for a better knowledge of these physical properties are met at all stages of the process, i.e. pulp producing, paper manufacturing and converting, and paper recycling as well during paper using.
These stages start with individual fibre production and end with the last irreversible utilisation of paper.
One of the aims of the Paper Physics group is to bring the other groups working with the product processing the support they need to optimize the process and the quality of the product. Thus paper physics makes it possible to keep the principal link between the Engineering of the pulp and paper, the Engineering of printing works and the Engineering of the converting, namely, the common need for knowledge of the physical properties of paper material.

Paper properties are divided into three categories:

• Initial properties of the raw materials required for a good processing, named, "runnability" properties.
• Temporary properties of the product during product processing, named, "on line" properties.
• Final properties of the end product, named "end-use" properties.

"Runnability" and "end-use" properties are only measured in a laboratory whereas "on-line" properties require sensors that can be placed on a machine production. Such sensors cannot be developed without a better knowledge of the physical properties of paper. "Runnability" and "end-use" properties can be incompatible. Therefore Paper Physics plays an important role in the investigations of new solutions or new products. In this context the team has always had multiple and permanent collaborations giving place to many contracts with industrial groups in the paper production and converting sectors. This search very often leads to the development of new methods of measurement and apparatuses which, for some of them, are patented and in commercial development.

Main recent themes studied

• Structural characterisation of fibrous materials. Influence of structure on heat and mass transfer.
• Characterisation of surface topography.
• Morphological characterisation of fibres and shives in the pulp: a new apparatus (collaboration: CTP. TECH PAP).
• Modelisation of fibres and interaction with bleaching operation.
• Wet end chemistry. Influence of additives in the pulp, on sheet formation, flocculation and thin particles retention.
• Study on flowing behaviour of non Newtonian fluids through porous media.
• Improving bending stiffness of thin opaque printing papers (collaboration: Converting team).
• Characterisation of raw fibrous materials by optical and environmental scanning electronic microscopy and by MORFI apparatus (morphology of fibres and shives analyses: collaboration between CTP TECHPAP).
• Image analysis software to assist printing and papermaking processes.
• Modelling of cellulose fibres and bleaching processes: Interaction between the raw material and the process (Project: ABLE).
• Determination of pore structure of cellulose fibres by Inverse Size Exclusion chromatography.
• Prediction of mechanical properties of boxes and containers. Influence of dimensions and mechanical properties of raw material.
• Influence of coating on physical properties of paper (collaboration: UBI Portugal).
• Effect of moisture on rheological properties and creep of paper and linerboard in edge compression. Use of a new device. (EFPG)
• Papermaking potential characterisation of different cellulose fibres pulps. Wet web behaviour during drying and consolidation

By way of examples hereafter, only the underlined actions are described.

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